Final answer:
Screening for iron deficiency anemia should be part of regular health check-ups for children, adolescents, pregnant women, and women of childbearing age. It is especially crucial for infants and young children because of their increased demand for iron. Screening helps prevent irreversible developmental issues caused by anemia in early childhood.
Step-by-step explanation:
Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia
Screening for iron deficiency anemia should be a part of regular health check-ups for certain at-risk populations. It is widely prevalent among children, adolescent girls, nursing mothers, and women of childbearing age. For infants and young children, especially those who are weaned, it is critical to monitor iron levels due to the high demand for iron during growth and development. The hemoglobin content in individuals with iron deficiency anemia ranges from 5 to 9 g/100 ml, resulting in symptoms like dullness, inactivity, pallor of the skin, and impaired growth.
For children, recommended daily iron intakes are as follows: 10-15 mg for infants, 15 mg for children aged 1-3 years, 10 mg for those aged 4-10 years, and 11 to 18 mg for older children and adults. Specific screening ages include:
- Children between 9 and 13 years should receive 9 mg of iron daily.
- Girls aged 14 to 18 should get 15 mg daily, while boys in the same age range should get 11 mg.
- During pregnancy, the need increases to 27 mg daily.
Anemic women may be prescribed ferrous sulfate tablets, and for anemic children below 12 months, a mixture of ferrous ammonium citrate sweetened with glycerine is recommended. Older children may require a ferrous ammonium citrate mixture to address iron deficiency. Consuming adequate iron can be achieved through dietary sources such as shellfish, red meats, seeds, nuts, legumes, and fortified cereals. Combining these with foods rich in vitamin C can enhance iron absorption.
The importance of screening and addressing iron deficiency is underscored by its potential to cause irreversible cognitive and motor development issues during early childhood, as well as increased infant mortality. Hence, early detection and intervention are paramount.