Final answer:
Managers need to recognize and encourage initiative as the second aspect of management, following the principles of Theory Y, which contrasts with the control-focused Expectancy Theory, by fostering employee responsibility and proactive behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The second thing managers need to do, in contrast to Expectancy Theory, is to recognize that employers value initiative. In other words, they should encourage a proactive approach among employees. Instead of performing tasks only as directed, employees are supported to use their own judgment to solve problems when possible. This approach fosters a sense of responsibility and ownership of tasks and outcomes. Managers should provide clear expectations but also leave room for individuals to contribute creatively and proactively to the organization’s goals. This aligns with Douglas McGregor's Theory Y principles which suggest that employees function better and are more satisfied when they are given the chance to participate in setting their personal and work goals.