Final answer:
The basis of Judaism's covenant with God is the Ten Commandments, which were given to Moses and form a central part of Jewish religious law and ethics. The covenant is a key element of the Abrahamic religions, which also include Christianity and Islam.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basis of Judaism's covenant with God is c) The Ten Commandments. After the Exodus from Egypt, the Jews led by Moses entered into a special relationship with God, where they received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. These commandments serve as a moral and religious guide for the Jewish people and are a critical part of the Jewish faith.
Abraham, a foundational figure in Judaism, is also significant in Christianity and Islam, making all three of these religions, along with a few others, known as "Abrahamic religions." The primary sacred text for Jews is the Torah, which encompasses the first five books of the Christian Bible. Additionally, the Talmud consists of rabbinical discussions reflecting on the Torah's laws and ethics. Unlike Islam, which is detailed in the Five Pillars, or the Nicene Creed which outlines Christian doctrine, Judaism centers on the Ten Commandments for its foundational covenant with God.