Final answer:
The cytokine storm induced by SARS-COV-2 is a hyperactive immune response causing widespread inflammation, potentially leading to shock and multi-organ failure due to an overproduction of cytokines, which signals a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cytokine storm induced by SARS-COV-2 is characterized by a hyperactive immune response leading to widespread inflammation. This physiological phenomenon is due to an overproduction of cytokines by the immune system in an attempt to fight off the virus. However, the resulting expansive release of cytokines can cause more harm than the virus itself by facilitating widespread inflammation, damaging tissues, and leading to potentially life-threatening conditions such as shock and multi-organ failure.
During the cytokine storm, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are released in large quantities. This can lead to vasodilation, reduced tight junctions between cells, and the formation of blood clots. The system-wide inflammatory response, known as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), can result in sepsis and the failure of critical organs, a condition further exacerbated in individuals with a robust immune response.