Question

Briefly describe the function of the lysosome (an organelle). Why do you think it would be important for the lysosome to be surrounded by a membrane that prevents most things from spilling out of the lysosome?

A. Lysosomes serve as cellular recycling centers, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. The membrane around lysosomes ensures containment, preventing the enzymes inside from leaking and causing damage to the rest of the cell.
B. Lysosomes are responsible for energy production in the cell, releasing ATP during cellular respiration.
C. Lysosomes are involved in protein synthesis, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains.
D. Lysosomes function as storage units for excess nutrients in the cell, preventing nutritional waste.

Answer 1

Lysosomes function as cellular recycling centers with enzymes that break down waste and unwanted materials. The surrounding membrane is critical for containing these enzymes to prevent damage to the rest of the cell, which could lead to cell death through autolysis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The function of the lysosome is akin to a cellular recycling center. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing approximately 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes, such as lipases, proteases, and nucleases, which are responsible for breaking down all types of organic polymers. This breakdown includes old proteins, cellular debris, foreign materials, and wastes. Lysosomes are integral in processes like phagocytosis, where they digest foreign material that's engulfed by the cell, and autophagy, the digestion of the cell's own components.

It is crucial that lysosomes are surrounded by a membrane to prevent the digestive enzymes from spilling out, as these enzymes can damage other parts of the cell. If these enzymes are released uncontrolled into the cell, they can cause autolysis, leading to cell death, a process known as apoptosis. Therefore, the lysosome's membrane ensures that the potent enzymes are contained, allowing for the safe digestion of materials within the lysosome without harming the cell.