Final answer:
The bandwagon effect refers to people following others' actions during events such as political campaigns, the Underdog effect involves supporting the least likely to win, and the boomerang effect is when persuasion results in an opposite reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bandwagon effect, Underdog effect, and boomerang effect are all phenomena related to how public opinion can influence individuals' behavior in politics and marketing.
- The bandwagon effect refers to people doing something primarily because others are doing it, regardless of their own beliefs, which they may ignore or override. This effect is particularly noticeable during political campaigns, where increased media coverage of candidates who poll high can lead to more people supporting them, as they appear more likely to win.
- The Underdog effect is a phenomenon where people support a candidate or cause that is not expected to win, often out of a sense of sympathy or desire for justice.
- The boomerang effect occurs when an attempt to persuade results in the adoption of an opposing position instead.
Notably, the Bradley effect illustrates a discrepancy between voters' poll responses and their actual voting behavior, often due to the desire to provide a socially desirable response rather than a truthful one that might be perceived as prejudiced.