Final answer:
It's evolutionarily adaptive for humans to form pro-social attitudes because this behavior enhances group survival and knowledge sharing, despite causing potential out-group animosity. The dual attitudes model reveals the complexity of inherent explicit and implicit human biases. People's attitudes are influenced by social behaviors, experiences, and can be intentionally altered through self-reflection.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is most evolutionarily adaptive for people to form pro-social attitudes toward those with whom they share values and practices. This proclivity is rooted in our innate tendencies as social creatures, forming groups which serve as a mechanism to share knowledge and distribute work, thereby increasing our chances of survival. In line with this evolutionary perspective, people with pro-social behaviors tend to prevail in the population more than those with antisocial tendencies. Moreover, while forming in-groups fosters cooperation and shared understanding within those groups, it also has the side effect of creating increased animosity towards those considered to be out-group members.
The dual attitudes model explains that humans possess both explicit attitudes, which are conscious and controllable, and implicit attitudes, which are unconscious and often reveal biases that individuals may not be aware of. This understanding aids in recognizing the complexities of human social behavior and the challenges in overcoming inherent biases such as tribalism, in-group bias, and prejudice. Despite societal pressures to conform, our attitudes can also be consciously changed and shaped by our values, personal experiences, and deliberate introspection.