Final answer:
During stress, the sympathetic nervous system's response includes an increase in blood pressure, a higher heart rate, a rise in metabolism, redirection of blood to skeletal muscles, pupil dilation, and an increase in sweat gland activity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's 'fight-or-flight' response during times of stress. When this system is activated, several physiological changes occur:
- Blood pressure increases
- Heart rate increases
- Metabolism increases as blood glucose levels rise
- Blood is directed towards skeletal muscles and away from the digestive system
- Pupils dilate
- Sweat gland secretion increases
The presence of stimulants such as nicotine or caffeine can further enhance these effects. These responses prepare the body to either confront the stressor or to escape from it.