Final answer:
To determine the specific gravity of urine, the weight of a urine sample is compared to the weight of equal amount of pure water. Urine specific gravity, which typically ranges from 1.005 to 1.030, reflects solute concentration and is measured with a hydrometer or urinometer.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the specific gravity of urine, the weight of a urine sample is compared to the weight of an equal amount of pure water. Specific gravity is a measure that compares the density (mass per unit volume) of a substance to the density of a reference material, generally pure water, which has a specific gravity of 1.0 at 4°C (39°F). The specific gravity of urine is an important diagnostic tool, typically ranging from 1.005 to 1.030, indicating the concentration of solutes in the urine.
Various factors can cause fluctuations in urine specific gravity. For instance, conditions like dehydration or diabetes can result in a higher specific gravity due to increased solute concentration. Conversely, a lower specific gravity may indicate renal failure or Diabetes insipidus. The measurement is often performed with a hydrometer or urinometer, which is standardized at 15°C.