Question

The stem of the Y-shaped antibody determines how it will interact with other components of the immune

system. Complete the following examples given in this topic:
• Whether the antibody remains ____________ to the B cell
• Whether it activates the ______________________ system
• Whether it acts as an ____________________ to promote phagocytosis
• Whether it can be joined with other antibodies to form a ______________ (pair) or _______________
(5 antibodies)
• Determines the _________ pattern—how it travels through the body

Answer 1

The stem of the Y-shaped antibody influences its interactions within the immune system, determining if it remains attached to the B cell, activates the complement system, acts an opsonin to aid phagocytosis, forms dimers or pentamers, and its diffusion pattern.

Step-by-step explanation:

The stem of the Y-shaped antibody (Fc region) determines its interaction with various components of the immune system, resulting in different immune responses.

Depending on the class of antibody, it may remain attached to the B cell or be secreted into the blood. The antibody can also activate the complement system, assisting in destroying pathogens. When it acts as an opsonin, it promotes phagocytosis by labeling antigens for destruction by phagocytes.

Additionally, some antibodies can form dimers, or in the case of IgM, a pentamer, which consists of five antibodies with a higher antigen-binding capacity.

The Fc region also determines the antibody's diffusion pattern, affecting how it navigates through the body. In summary, the Y-shaped antibody plays a pivotal role in the defense mechanism of the immune system, tailoring the response to specific pathogens.