Final answer:
The claim that women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies for maximizing the chances of gene transmission to future generations is supported by sociobiology and evolutionary psychological theories. These perspectives are associated with the adaptive problems each sex historically faced and the subsequent life history strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory described in the question aligns with concepts from sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, which posit that women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies as a result of different adaptive problems faced throughout human history. These strategies are thought to enhance the probability of successfully passing genes on to future generations. Men, being less involved in childcare, might have evolved strategies that favor multiple mating opportunities. Conversely, women, typically more involved in nurturing offspring, might favor securing a reliable partner. This perspective is supported by various hypotheses, like the 'mate-guarding hypothesis' and the 'good genes hypothesis', which explain how sexual reproduction strategies could be evolutionarily advantageous.
Additionally, life history strategies emphasize the trade-off between fecundity and parental care, highlighting how different species, including humans, may adapt their reproductive strategies to environmental pressures and resource availability.