Final answer:
The elected leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is called the majority leader and is subordinate to the Speaker of the House. In the Senate, the majority leader assumes the leading role as there is no Speaker, with the vice president or president pro tempore playing more ceremonial roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elected leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is known as the majority leader. This person serves under the Speaker of the House, who is the highest authority within the House and the only House officer mentioned in the Constitution. The majority leader is invested with power, such as participating in strategic decisions and maintaining order within the majority party. Unlike in the House, where the Speaker presides over the proceedings and is the administrative head, in the Senate, the majority leader is the functional leader and chief spokesperson for the majority party, as the Senate has no Speaker. The vice president of the United States serves as the president of the Senate but only votes in case of a tie. Day-to-day proceedings are usually presided over by the president pro tempore, a largely ceremonial role with the majority leader holding the real power.