Final answer:
It is true that observing subjects during research, particularly in qualitative research, can change their behavior, known as the Hawthorne effect. Researchers must navigate observer bias and adapt their methods based on the environment and nature of the study.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting any type of research, especially qualitative research, it is true that the mere act of observing can alter the behavior of the observed subject. This phenomenon is known as the Hawthorne effect, where subjects change their behavior because they are aware of being observed. To mitigate such effects, researchers can employ strategies like remaining anonymous or overt, depending on the situation, and structuring the research design to minimize observer influence.
Another challenge is observer bias, where researchers might unconsciously skew their observations to fit their expectations. To protect against this bias, clear criteria for behavior recording and inter-rater reliability are necessary, which involves comparing observations of the same event by multiple observers.
In certain environments, such as prisons or secret organizations, researchers cannot simply observe; they must adapt their methods accordingly. The choice of research design and methods is critical and is shaped by the very nature of the study topic and the research question posed.