Final answer:
The correct statement regarding the utilitarian approach to ethical decision-making is that the goodness or badness of an outcome is often subjective, as utilitarianism considers the happiness generated by actions and acknowledges varying ideas of happiness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The utilitarian approach to ethical decision-making focuses on the consequences of actions and assesses the morality based on the greatest happiness or good generated. Regarding the options provided, the statement "The goodness or badness of an outcome is often subjective" aligns with utilitarian concepts, as utilitarians acknowledge that individuals might have different ideas of what constitutes happiness or the greatest good. The utilitarian principle does not ignore cultural and religious influences; instead, it considers the happiness of all affected individuals. Furthermore, utilitarianism does not promote universal application of actions without considering context, nor does it ignore the outcomes of actions when determining moral standing, which differentiates it from a deontological approach that focuses on adherence to strict moral duties or rules.