Final answer:
South Africa's transport challenges consist of insufficient infrastructure and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, while mitigatory measures include financing infrastructure technological upgrades and improved urban planning to establish a more sustainable transport system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key transport challenges in South Africa include inadequate infrastructure, traffic congestion, reliance on fossil fuels, and maintenance of the existing transport systems. The proposed mitigatory measures to resolve these challenges involve increasing finance in infrastructure development for better roads, encouraging domestic savings for future transport projects, and investing in education and vocational training to provide skilled labor for the transport sector. Advanced technologies should also be integrated into transportation methods and policies need to be put in place to ensure the flexibility and sustainability of the transport system during national emergencies.
Moreover, South Africa should enhance its investment climate to attract foreign technology leaders that could help in implementing green initiatives like solar power and biofuels, improving public transportation, and promoting non-motorized transport options to reduce emissions.