Final answer:
Positivism in research is a philosophy that endorses empirical and scientific methods for knowledge acquisition, focusing on observable facts. Quantitative sociology is an example of positivist research, utilizing statistical analysis to find behavioral patterns. in contrast, antipositivism prioritizes understanding the subjective aspects of society through qualitative methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
Positivism in research refers to a philosophical stance asserting that knowledge should be gained through observable and measurable facts. The methodology involves empirical, scientific research, such as experiments and the use of statistical data. Sociologist August Comte suggested that societies evolve to this empirical phase, dismissing religious explanations in favor of scientifically verifiable facts.
An example of positivism in research can be seen in quantitative sociology, which utilizes statistical methods like surveys to uncover patterns in human behavior. For instance, a sociologist may conduct a survey on educational achievement across different demographics to identify trends and correlations, thereby obtaining objective, statistical evidence that helps in forming conclusions. on the other hand, antipositivism challenges this view, opting for a more subjective understanding of social phenomena. This alternative approach often leads to qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews and cultural analyses, to comprehend societal norms and values. While positivism seeks to find universal laws through objectivity and replication, antipositivism prioritizes the unique and subjective aspects of human experience.