The correct term for the impact that distance from the ocean can have on climate is continentality.
Continentality is a measure of how far a location is from the ocean. Locations that are far from the ocean are said to be continental, while locations that are close to the ocean are said to be maritime.
Continentality has a significant impact on climate. Locations that are far from the ocean tend to have more extreme temperatures than locations that are close to the ocean. This is because the ocean has a moderating effect on temperature. In the summer, the ocean absorbs heat from the sun, and in the winter, the ocean releases heat to the atmosphere. This helps to keep the temperature of coastal areas more consistent throughout the year.
In addition to temperature, continentality also affects precipitation. Locations that are far from the ocean tend to be drier than locations that are close to the ocean. This is because the ocean is a source of moisture. As air moves over the ocean, it picks up moisture and carries it inland. This moisture can then fall as rain or snow.
Continentality is one of the many factors that affect climate. Other factors include latitude, altitude, and topography.
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