Final answer:
To avoid ethical lapses in research, one must not force outcomes by skewing research, fully disclose funding sources, respect participants' confidentiality, and provide proper attribution to all used sources.
Step-by-step explanation:
To avoid ethical lapses when conducting research, it is important to adhere to specific guidelines and practices. Option B, 'Don't force outcomes by skewing research,' is the correct answer as ethical research should be unbiased and conducted with integrity. Manipulating data to produce a preconceived result compromises the credibility of the research and is ethically unsound. Researchers must maintain objectivity, fully disclose funding sources, and avoid conflicts of interest. They must also respect the confidentiality of their subjects and provide full attribution to the sources they use to avoid plagiarism.
Quality research involves comparing multiple sources and identifying any discrepancies to reach a reliable consensus view. Following the American Sociological Association's (ASA) ethical considerations, researchers should conduct studies properly, responsibly use existing sources, be prudent about accepting funding, and publish the results transparently.