Final answer:
In mitosis, a diploid eukaryotic cell with 10 chromosomes produces two identical diploid daughter cells with 10 chromosomes each. In meiosis, the same cell produces four haploid daughter cells, each with 5 chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A eukaryotic cell that is diploid and contains 10 chromosomes (5 in each set) will undergo different processes during mitosis and meiosis. During mitosis, one cell division produces two daughter cells. Each daughter cell will be diploid and contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which in this case is 10 chromosomes. This ensures that the genetic information is identical to the parent cell.
On the other hand, meiosis consists of two rounds of cell division, resulting in four daughter cells. However, each of these daughter cells will be haploid and contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the diploid parent cell, so they will each have 5 chromosomes. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and leads to genetic diversity.