Final answer:
The answer to the TCA cycle component bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane is succinate dehydrogenase, which coverts succinate into fumarate. It is an integral membrane protein and also acts as Complex II in the ETC, contributing to ATP synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
TCA Cycle Enzymes Bound to the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
The only component of the TCA cycle that is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane is succinate dehydrogenase, which is directly involved in the conversion of succinate into fumarate. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein that also plays a role in the electron transport chain (ETC) where it participates as Complex II.
During the TCA cycle, different molecules are transformed. Starting with citrate, a series of reactions lead to the production of isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, and further down to succinate. This is where succinate dehydrogenase performs its action by converting succinate into fumarate while reducing FAD to FADH₂, which is then utilized in the oxidative phosphorylation process. Ultimately, the ETC uses the NADH and FADH₂ produced by the Krebs cycle to generate ATP through hydrogen ion movement across the mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space, which then provides the energy for ATP synthesis.
All other intermediates listed - citrate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, and fumarate - are soluble and not membrane-bound. These steps are catalyzed by enzymes that are not an integral part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.