Final answer:
New phospholipids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is part of the endomembrane system that processes and ships proteins and other molecules.
Step-by-step explanation:
New phospholipids are made in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth ER plays a crucial role in lipid synthesis, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are essential for membrane formation. As these new phospholipids are produced, they can be incorporated directly into the cell's own membranes or packaged into vesicles to be transported to other parts of the cell.
The answer to the question is C. endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus subsequently modifies lipids and proteins received from the ER and is involved in producing glycolipids and glycoproteins. Moreover, answering the related question, the nucleus is the structure that is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers.
Regarding ribosomes, RNA components are synthesized in the nucleolus, which is found within the nucleus of the cell. The endomembrane system, including the nucleus, ER, and Golgi apparatus, works together to process and ship proteins specified by DNA through RNA intermediates, with ribosomes being pivotal in protein synthesis.