Final answer:
The process described in the question is called erosion, which involves the movement of sediment by natural forces. Erosion shapes the Earth's surface and can be observed in various landforms such as river valleys and coastal cliffs. Therefore, the correct option is B. erosion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process described in the question, where sediment is transported from one place to another, is called erosion. Erosion is the movement of sediments by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice.
It involves the breaking apart, picking up, and carrying away of rock and sediment. Erosion plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface, as seen in river valleys and coastal cliffs.