Final answer:
Values are the ideals, customs, and institutions acquired throughout a lifetime that dictate what is good and just in a society. They are crucial for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Beliefs are individual convictions that are supported by shared values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The positive and negative ideals, customs, and institutions of a group that are acquired throughout a lifetime are referred to as values. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. They are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Beliefs, on the other hand, are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. Individuals in a society have specific beliefs, but they also share collective values.
For instance, in the United States, many people believe in the American Dream—that anyone who works hard enough will be successful and wealthy. This belief is underpinned by the American value that wealth is good and important, showcasing how beliefs strengthen the values.
In the context of political culture, there are different orientations such as moralistic, individualistic, traditionalistic, and nativistic, each with their own view on the government's role in maintaining social order. In a moralistic culture, politics is seen as a noble profession, while in a traditionalistic culture, there is a tendency to be more tolerant of political corruption. This illustrates how shared values and beliefs can influence the political climate of a society.