Final answer:
A point mutation in a regulatory region of a gene can lead to increased or decreased transcription, resulting in overexpression or underexpression of the gene. Such disruption can have various consequences, including the potential development of genetic disorders or cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impact of a Point Mutation in a Regulatory Region
A point mutation in a regulatory region of a gene, such as the promoter, can have significant effects on gene expression. The promoter region is critical for initiating transcription, the process by which genes are converted into mRNA. A point mutation may disrupt normal binding of transcription factors to the DNA, leading to increased or decreased transcription of the gene. This alteration impacts the amount of protein produced, potentially causing a gene to be overexpressed or underexpressed. If the protein is involved in cell growth, for instance, this deregulation can contribute to the development of cancer.
Changes in gene expression can have a wide range of consequences, as genes regulate various cellular functions. A point mutation in a promoter might result in the gene being permanently turned off, so no protein is made, or might result in constant production of the protein. In either scenario, this change can be detrimental, potentially leading to genetic disorders or cancer, as it interferes with the delicate balance of cellular activities.