Final answer:
An irritant substance causes inflammation through prolonged contact with the skin. Corrosive chemicals cause immediate and severe damage, while irritants usually do so with continued exposure. Toxic and harmful substances refer to categories of chemicals with systemic effects or the potential to cause damage under certain conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hazardous substance that causes inflammation through prolonged contact with the skin is categorized as a irritant substance. Unlike corrosive substances which immediately damage tissues they come into contact with through chemical reactions, an irritant typically causes inflammation or irritation after repeated or prolonged exposure. Irritants can cause redness, swelling, and itching on the skin. An example of an irritant is hydrogen peroxide, which can cause irritation to the eyes and skin.
Corrosive chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid, can burn skin and eyes and even create holes in clothes. They are very reactive and dangerous upon ingestion or skin contact. However, the term "corrosive" does not typically apply to substances that cause inflammation due to prolonged skin contact; instead, it refers to those that can cause immediate and severe damage.
Toxic substances and harmful substances are also different categories. Toxic substances can have systemic effects and are harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin, and harmful substances are generally less severe but can still cause damage if safety precautions are not taken.