Final answer:
Screening tests are indeed used to diagnose specific health problems, with examples including TB, skin cancer, and endocrine disorders. They can, however, yield false positives (Type I errors) or false negatives (Type II errors), affecting their accuracy. Endocrinologists use various screening tests to diagnose disorders like diabetes through blood-glucose levels or the A1C test.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that a screening test is performed to diagnose a specific health problem in the patient is True. Screening tests, such as those for TB, skin cancer, and various endocrine disorders, serve to detect diseases in asymptomatic individuals or to determine disease severity and guide treatment options. For example, skin cancer screening may involve physical examinations like visual inspection of the skin. Type I errors and Type II errors are possible outcomes of such tests, referring to false positives and false negatives, respectively. A Type I error, with a 10 percent chance, indicates a false-positive diagnosis of disease when it is not present, while a Type II error, with a 20 percent chance, represents a missed diagnosis when the disease is actually present. Endocrinologists employ laboratory tests, such as fasting blood-glucose levels or A1C tests, to diagnose endocrine disorders.