Question

"Which of the following increases the risk of postpartum depression?

A) lack of financial resources
B) history of mental illness or abuse
C) smoking or alcohol use
D) all of the these"

Answer 1

All of the options provided—lack of financial resources, a history of mental illness or abuse, and smoking or alcohol use—increase the risk of postpartum depression.

Step-by-step explanation:

The factors that increase the risk of postpartum depression include a lack of financial resources, a history of mental illness or abuse, and smoking or alcohol use. All of these factors individually contribute to higher levels of stress and may impair an individual's ability to cope with new-life changes, such as caring for a newborn. Studies, such as those by Wisner et al. (2013), point to various risk factors in depression, which could also be applied to the context of postpartum depression. Given this information, the correct answer to the question 'Which of the following increases the risk of postpartum depression?' is D) all of these.