Answer:
Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk in the offspring with all of the following EXCEPT (b) deformed extremities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to various adverse effects on the developing fetus. However, among the given options, deformed extremities are not directly associated with maternal smoking. Research consistently highlights the risks of reduced attention span, learning problems, and behavioral issues in children exposed to maternal smoking.
This connection is attributed to the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, such as nicotine and carbon monoxide, which can negatively impact fetal development. While the other options are well-documented outcomes, deformed extremities are not typically a result of maternal smoking. This underscores the importance of raising awareness about the comprehensive range of potential health consequences associated with smoking during pregnancy.
Maternal smoking is a critical public health concern due to its profound impact on the offspring's cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero is associated with reduced attention span, learning problems, and behavioral issues in children. The harmful components of cigarette smoke, including nicotine and carbon monoxide, can interfere with the normal development of the fetal brain, leading to long-term consequences.
It is crucial for healthcare professionals to educate expectant mothers about the risks of smoking during pregnancy and encourage smoking cessation to mitigate these adverse outcomes. Additionally, public health campaigns should emphasize the comprehensive range of potential consequences to promote informed decision-making during pregnancy.
Option B is correct.