Final answer:
During adolescence, self-esteem is largely influenced by peer relationships, parental support, and the physical changes of puberty.
Step-by-step explanation:
During adolescence, various factors contribute to the development of self-esteem, which is pivotal to a teenager's sense of identity. Peer influence is substantial as adolescents begin to seek validation and acceptance from their social group, which plays a critical role in shaping their self-concept and feelings of self-worth. Additionally, parental support and a healthy family environment continue to provide essential emotional security and affirmation. As teens work through Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion, successful navigation results in a robust personal identity and higher self-esteem, while failure to achieve this can lead to identity confusion and lower self-esteem. Physical development during puberty can also significantly affect self-esteem, with early or late maturation potentially influencing confidence levels and social standing among peers.