Final answer:
Synaptic plasticity is the principle of brain plasticity that states training of certain brain functions can lead to improvement. It is a mechanism where synapses are strengthened or weakened, which is crucial for learning and memory, primarily in the hippocampus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle of brain plasticity that states training certain brain functions can lead to improvement is known as synaptic plasticity. Synaptic plasticity is a fundamental mechanism of neuroplasticity, allowing synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity. This form of plasticity is vital for learning and memory and involves processes such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These changes occur in the hippocampus, a central brain structure for memory storage. In addition to synaptic changes, other aspects such as neurogenesis, the growth of new neurons, can also support neuroplasticity. Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and is influenced by factors like exercise and stress. Techniques like biofeedback and non-invasive brain stimulation are increasingly explored to further enhance brain functions through neuroplasticity.