Final answer:
The conditioning that occurs when an animal learns to link two events is called associative learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Associative learning refers to the process through which an animal connects or associates two stimuli or events in its environment. It's a type of learning where an organism learns that certain events are connected or associated with each other. This is often exemplified through classical and operant conditioning, where an animal learns to link a stimulus with a specific response or outcome. For instance, in classical conditioning, an animal associates a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, learning to anticipate events based on this association.
Operant conditioning, on the other hand, involves associating behaviors with their consequences—reinforcements or punishments—which subsequently influence the likelihood of those behaviors occurring again. These forms of learning are pivotal in shaping an animal's behavior, facilitating adaptations and survival in various environments. Understanding associative learning helps in comprehending how animals learn from their experiences and adapt their behaviors accordingly.
Associative learning is a fundamental aspect of behavioral psychology and is observed across various species, playing a crucial role in their cognitive development and adaptation to their surroundings. It showcases the ability of organisms to make connections between different events, stimuli, or actions, thereby shaping their behaviors and responses.