The correct answer to this open question is the following.
European countries colonized Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries in order to access Africa's natural resources. The effect on the people of Africa was that these European nations changed the borders of teh African territories, divide the tribes, displaced people, and with the presence of these Europeans in teh African territories, they tried to change the traditions, culture, history, and belief systems of teh African people because white Europeans considered Africans as primitive people that needed to be educated and evangelized.
Most of Africa had been taken over by Europeans by 1914 due to the "Scramble for Africa." European powers such as Great Britain, Spain, France, Portugal, and Germany, colonized the territories of the African continent and even formed new territories that fit their political and economic interests. The Scramble for Africa started in 1881 and ended approximately by 1914.