Final answer:
The pattern where a voice is answered by an instrument or one instrument is answered by a chorus is known as call and response, a widespread technique in various music styles such as jazz, and has deep roots in sub-Saharan African music.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a voice is answered by an instrument, or when one instrument (or group of instruments) is answered by a chorus, the pattern is referred to as call and response. This musical technique, with roots in sub-Saharan African music, has found its way into various Western music styles, including jazz and hip hop. Call and response is integral to the performance and is characterized by a leader who calls out, followed by a group that responds, either by repeating the call or by varying the call.
Furthermore, this interactive musical structure played an important role in the African-American culture, often used by enslaved African Americans to communicate in the fields. An example of call and response in American folk music is the song "Long John," which is a representation of African-American work songs from the Lowland South. In addition to its communicative role, call and response has been a foundation for improvisation and includes patterns of polyrhythms and syncopations, adding complexity to musical and dance performances, such as in gumboot dancing and Steppin'.