Final answer:
A. Purposive sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling. It is used to select participants based on certain criteria set by the researcher, unlike probability sampling methods that involve random selection. An example of a probability sampling method is cluster sampling, as demonstrated by the department store employee satisfaction survey example.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of nonprobability sampling among the options provided is A. Purposive sampling. Nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection of participants. Instead, participants are selected based on particular characteristics or criteria determined by the researcher. Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental or subjective sampling, is employed when certain specific individuals possess unique characteristics that are desired for the study. In contrast, Simple random, Stratified, and Systematic sampling are all probability sampling methods where each member of the population has a known chance of being selected.
In the scenario presented about the department store manager measuring employee satisfaction by selecting four departments at random and conducting interviews with all the employees in those departments, the type of survey design used is A. Cluster sampling. This is because the entire population is divided into clusters (in this case, departments), some of which are randomly chosen, and all members within the selected clusters are surveyed.