Final answer:
Both biological and lifestyle factors best account for gender differences in longevity, considering that these factors encompass genetic, molecular, cellular, and sociocultural influences that together shape individuals' life expectancies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks, "Which of the following best accounts for gender differences in longevity?" It is widely recognized that longevity is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including biological differences, such as genetics and hormonal variations, as well as sociocultural factors like lifestyle choices and socioeconomic status. Primary aging includes the unavoidable molecular and cellular changes that occur biologically. On the other hand, secondary aging involves factors within individual control, such as exercise, nutrition, and smoking.
Sociological perspectives further inform us that factors like socioeconomic status can indeed influence life expectancy, but they are not the only ones at play. The interaction of ethnicity, gender, and location - which combines biological and social conditions - can dramatically impact longevity. Therefore, the best answer to this question is that both biological and lifestyle factors account for gender differences in longevity (C). This explanation acknowledges the role of primary aging while also considering the profound effects of secondary aging and socioeconomic conditions.