Final answer:
Cognitive bias is the inclination to perceive, interpret, and respond to information based on our personal biases, which includes confirmation bias and availability heuristic. These biases impact our judgments, personal attitudes, and decision-making processes, guiding our worldviews and the way we interact with information and others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inclination each of us has to perceive, interpret, and respond to information in a certain way is referred to as cognitive bias. This includes a variety of biases such as the confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports our pre-existing beliefs. Another example is availability heuristic, which is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. These biases can affect our judgments and decisions in everyday life, influencing our attitudes and worldviews.
Tribal thinking is another cognitive bias that causes us to align with groups sharing our values and practices, impacting our ability to objectively evaluate information. Our personal experiences, such as incidents of racism or bigotry, may also shape our attitudes towards authority figures and events. Our belief systems, or worldviews, influence how we interpret information and act in our environment.
Motivated reasoning is another aspect where we tend to accept ideas we want to believe and reject evidence that challenges those beliefs. It is important to understand and recognize these cognitive biases in ourselves, as they can affect how we take in and process new information, interactions, and decisions.