Final answer:
The response of white Republicans to Klan violence best aligns with option d) They vigorously opposed the Klan and implemented measures to suppress it.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Reconstruction era and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan (Klan) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, white Republicans who were part of the anti-Klan sentiment actively opposed the violent activities of the Klan. Option d) reflects the historical reality where some white Republicans, including those in positions of political power, took measures to counter the Klan's actions. They implemented legislative and law enforcement measures to suppress Klan violence and protect the rights of African Americans.
Options a, b, and c do not accurately capture the historical dynamics. While some white individuals may have supported or collaborated with the Klan (option a), the general response of white Republicans, particularly those aligned with anti-Klan sentiments, was one of opposition. Condemning violence but being unable to take effective action (option b) does not fully represent the efforts made by some white Republicans to actively combat Klan activities. Forming alliances with the Klan for political gain (option c) was not a characteristic response of white Republicans opposed to the Klan.
In summary, the historical context of Klan violence and the response of white Republicans involve a complex interplay of political, social, and legislative actions aimed at suppressing Klan activities and protecting the rights of marginalized communities.