Final answer:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids, which can then be oxidized for energy, especially when glucose is scarce. This process is regulated by hormones like glucagon and growth hormone, promoting the release of energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The breakdown of lipids through a process called lipolysis is essential in providing energy for the body when glucose levels are low. Essential fatty acids are types of polyunsaturated fats that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. They play a vital role in the structure and function of cellular membranes. During lipolysis, triglycerides are hydrolyzed into glycerol and free fatty acids by the enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase. Hormones like glucagon and growth hormone can stimulate lipolysis to release energy. Conversely, insulin inhibits this process. After lipolysis, the free fatty acids can be transported to tissues where they are oxidized to produce energy. This energy production from fats happens through beta-oxidation producing acetyl CoA, which feeds into the Krebs cycle and ultimately leads to the generation of ATP through aerobic respiration.