Final answer:
The long-term and intense form of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud designed to bring unconscious thoughts to the surface is called psychoanalysis. Freud used techniques like dream analysis and free association in his case studies to explore the unconscious mind, aiming towards mental health and happiness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a long-term and intense form of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud that allows a patient's unconscious thoughts to be brought to the surface is psychoanalysis. Freud's psychoanalysis was based on techniques such as dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association to access the unconscious mind. He sought to uncover and address the unconscious roots of psychological distress, often rooted in early childhood experiences. Freud's method involved extensive and deep conversations over a period of time with patients, a technique that can also be described as a case study within his research methodology.
Freud's structuralism in psychology proposed the notion that the human mind consisted of the id, ego, and superego, each playing a significant role in human behavior and thought processes. The ultimate aim of psychoanalysis was not just to understand the mind but to release suppressed elements that limit conscious experience and contribute to psychological distress, leading to potential pathways toward mental health and happiness.