Final answer:
Statement C ('The functionality of the software and constraints on its operation must be defined') belongs to software specification. It defines the core objective of specifying what the software should achieve and under what limitations it must operate. Other statements relate to other parts of the software development lifecycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Which of the following statements belong to software specification?' pertains to the tasks and objectives associated with software specification within the software development lifecycle. The correct statement related to software specification is C. The functionality of the software and constraints on its operation must be defined. This encapsulates the core objective of software specification, which is to clearly outline what the software should do and under what conditions or limitations it must operate. Software specifications often serve as a reference throughout the software development process, guiding both the creation and validation of the software product.
Other statements such as the necessity for validation or evolution of software pertain more to software validation and the maintenance phase, respectively. Although they are crucial aspects of the overall software development process, they are not specifically about software specification.
Identifying Criteria and Constraints
In software development, a similar process is followed. First, defining the problem involves understanding the scope and resource allocation. Subsequently, one must identify criteria and constraints which act as the basis on which to measure the adequacy of a design. In the context of software design, constraints might involve technical requirements, user requirements, regulatory compliance, or other facets that the software must adhere to. Criteria might include performance measures, user friendliness, or scalability.
Finally, during the implementation phase, an actual product is created, which can take the form of a prototype or a fully-fledged software application, depending on the stage in the development. Throughout the design process, continuous refinement may occur to ensure the product meets or exceeds the constraints and criteria that were initially set forth.