Final answer:
Geography encompasses the discussion on New Urbanism and Transit-Oriented Development that aim to create traditional and community-focused neighborhoods, accommodating modern necessities and the automobile, contrasted with automobile-driven urban sprawl seen in edge cities and linear 'ghettos'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject in question is best defined as relating to Geography, particularly urban geography and urban planning. It involves exploring the concepts of New Urbanism, a design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods with a wide range of housing and job types. This concept aims to counteract the urban sprawl and separation of residential and commercial areas seen with the rise of the automobile in the mid-20th century.
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is a major aspect in New Urbanism and implies a mix of housing, office, retail and other amenities integrated into a walkable neighborhood and located within a half-mile of quality public transportation. Developments reflecting New Urbanism, like the North Hollywood Arts District, accommodate both the automobile and modern amenities while fostering a sense of community and traditional neighborhood structure.
Conversely, edge cities, which emerged due to the dominance of automobile-centric planning, represent a departure from the traditional urban core in favor of suburban business and retail complexes. In such cities, the lack of efficient public transit systems often resulted in a lack of dense inner-city cores and the development of linear 'ghettos' along highways. Additionally, this era saw the rise of exurban developments, with significant socioeconomic status driving population growth farther from city centers.