Final answer:
A courtyard or quadrangle enclosed by a cloister is primarily a garden surrounded by a covered walkway, commonly found in religious settings offering a peaceful environment for spiritual practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
A courtyard or quadrangle enclosed by a cloister is most accurately described as a garden surrounded by a covered walkway. This architectural feature is common in monasteries, convents, and religious schools. The cloister typically provides a tranquil space where the religious community can engage in meditation, prayer, and contemplation. With its covered walkways, the cloister ensures a protected path around the courtyard in all types of weather. The presence of a garden enhances the serene atmosphere, which is conducive to the spiritual practices of the community. A central fountain within the courtyard is not uncommon and can be found in many historic examples, adding to the peaceful ambiance with the sound of flowing water.