Final answer:
Remote employee management involves the monitoring function, where managers use conference calls, emails, and productivity tools to ensure organizational goals are met, reflecting both transactional and transformational leadership styles.
Step-by-step explanation:
When employees work remotely, conference calls and emails can be used to check on employee availability and productivity. This is part of the monitoring function of management, specifically within the broader role of controlling. In a remote work environment, managers rely on various tools and strategies to ensure that work is being done effectively. This can include setting up regular conference calls to touch base with team members, utilizing email for updates, and having systems in place to measure output and monitor projects' progress. These practices align with telecommuting, where employees have the flexibility to set their own hours and work from different locations, which can help with work-family balance and job satisfaction. However, managers still need to ensure that organizational goals are being met, which may adopt aspects of transactional leadership, focusing on supervision, rewards, and punishments, or transformational leadership, which involves inspiring and intellectually stimulating team members.