Final answer:
Logical access controls determine the functions each user is allowed to perform and specify which data and programs they can access after gaining system access.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is 2) Logical access controls. Logical access controls refer to the policies and procedures in place to manage and secure user access to computer systems, networks, and data. These controls often include the use of usernames and passwords, as well as more advanced authentication methods like biometrics or two-factor authentication.
Logical access controls determine the privileges and permissions granted to each user. They dictate what actions a user can perform and what data and programs they can access after gaining access to the system. These controls help protect against unauthorized access and ensure that users only have access to the resources they need for their specific job responsibilities.
For example, in a company's computer system, a regular employee may have limited access rights, allowing them to use specific software applications and access certain data relevant to their role. On the other hand, an administrator might have broader access rights, enabling them to configure the system, install software, and manage user accounts.