Question

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply.

1. Tobacco smoke
2. Occupational dust
3. Air pollution
4. Infection
5. Second-hand smoke

Answer 1

The risk factors for developing COPD include tobacco smoke, second-hand smoke, occupational dust, air pollution, and infection, with tobacco being the primary cause. Most cases of COPD can be prevented by avoiding smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke. Other environmental factors and infections can also contribute to the development of COPD.

Step-by-step explanation:

The risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include:

1. Tobacco smoke
2. Occupational dust
3. Air pollution
4. Infection
5. Second-hand smoke

Tobacco smoke is the primary cause of COPD, contributing to the breakdown of alveolar walls and reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. This condition leads to difficulty breathing over time as the lung's capacity diminishes. Regular exposure to second-hand smoke also significantly increases the risk of developing COPD. Other factors such as occupational dust, air pollution, and recurrent respiratory infections can contribute to COPD by causing chronic inflammation and damage to the lung tissue. Overall, most cases of COPD are preventable through smoking avoidance and maintaining good air quality.