Final answer:
For retention purposes, immediate feedback may be more beneficial than summary feedback as it helps prevent memory trace decay and reduces proactive interference, which are detrimental to short-term memory retention. Custom and targeted feedback supports the transfer of information to long-term memory, facilitating better retention. The type and timing of feedback are essential for effective learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Is Summary or Immediate Feedback Better for Retention Phase?
When it comes to the retention phase in learning, strategies that assist in the effective consolidation and storage of information are crucial. Studies suggest that breaking down readings into smaller, manageable intervals of twenty to thirty minutes enables better absorption and retention of information for further writing and tests. Conversely, a basic summary of materials may not always contribute significantly to retention, especially when it omits detailed information that ultimately helps in the understanding and application of knowledge.
Regarding feedback, immediate feedback may have a positive impact on retention. According to research, feedback can be an essential component in preventing memory trace decay and reducing the effects of proactive interference, both of which can adversely affect short-term memory retention. Therefore, immediate feedback could theoretically reinforce learning and facilitate the transfer of information to long-term memory, fostering better retention overall.
Nevertheless, the type of feedback and the learner's individual differences play a substantial role. For instance, DeNisi and Kluger's work points to the potential improvements needed in 360-degree feedback systems to enhance their effectiveness. Thus, feedback, whether summary or immediate, must be tailored to be constructive and targeted for optimal retention. It is this custom approach to feedback that can help learners store what they've acquired and utilize it in real-world applications where knowledge is not neatly divided into chapters.