Final answer:
The enduring debate in science about whether our behavior is determined by genetics or the environment is known as the nature vs. nurture controversy, which now acknowledges the interplay of both factors in shaping human behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The debate you are referring to is known as the nature vs. nurture controversy. This discussion revolves around the influence of biological and genetic factors (nature) versus environment and learning (nurture) on human behavior and traits. Although earlier it seemed to be an either-or scenario, mainstream science now understands that both factors play crucial roles in shaping behavior.
For instance, the study of epigenetics has shown how environmental factors can influence the expression of genes, leading to differences in appearance and behavior even among individuals with the same genotype. The controversy evolves as we explore complex traits such as intelligence or aggression, trying to discern how much is predetermined by genetics and how much is formed by our environment and experiences. Our understanding of human behavior continues to develop as we learn more about the interplay between genetics and the environment.