Final Answer:
HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of needles or syringes, and from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Step-by-step explanation:
HIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is primarily transmitted through certain bodily fluids. One of the most common modes of transmission is through unprotected sexual intercourse, where the virus can be present in semen, vaginal fluids, and blood.
This includes both heterosexual and homosexual contact. Sharing needles or syringes among individuals who use injectable drugs is another significant risk factor for HIV transmission. The virus can be present in the blood and can easily be passed from one person to another through the sharing of contaminated needles.
Additionally, mother-to-child transmission is a notable mode of HIV transmission. An infected mother can pass the virus to her child during childbirth, as the baby may come into contact with the mother's blood and other fluids. Breastfeeding is another route of transmission, as the virus can be present in breast milk.
However, with proper medical interventions and antiretroviral therapy, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced. Understanding these modes of transmission is crucial for implementing preventive measures and raising awareness to minimize the spread of HIV. Safe sexual practices, harm reduction strategies for drug users, and access to medical interventions during pregnancy are vital components of HIV prevention efforts.