Final answer:
Bad luck is not a generally valid excuse for lack of achievement; personal effort and circumstances play a significant role. Astrological signs are not a scientifically supported reason for academic failure. The attributes of a hero and the concept of a trait becoming a flaw evolve over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Is "Bad luck" a great excuse for a lack of achievement? Generally, the answer is No. While unexpected events can certainly influence outcomes, relying on luck as an excuse does not consider the efforts and strategies that contribute to success. When considering the creation of wealth and material goods, many factors come into play, including hard work, economic policies, and social circumstances. Moreover, attributing aspects such as exam results to something like astrological signs is not supported by logical or scientific evidence.
In the context of your friend who blames failing an exam on astrological signs, it's important to understand that success in academic pursuits is more often linked to study habits, understanding of the material, and exam-taking skills than to zodiacal attributions. Therefore, the idea that astrological signs affect one's academic performance is a myth, and using such a reason as an excuse for failing is not logical.
Heroes and their attributes, as well as the transformation of positive traits into tragic flaws, are subjects that evolve over time. Historic and literary contexts shape our definition of heroism, and traits seen as heroic in one era may not be perceived the same way in another. Likewise, an overemphasis on certain positive traits can become a flaw if it leads to negative consequences, demonstrating the fine line between a virtue and a vice.