Final answer:
James Madison's primary concern after submitting the Constitution for ratification was the debate over the inclusion of a Bill of Rights. The lack of specified individual rights in the document led to a compromise involving the promise to add these protections, resulting in the essential first ten amendments.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the submission of the Constitution to the states for ratification, James Madison's greatest concern was the endless debate over the need for a Bill of Rights. The Constitution's lack of specified rights became a serious point of contention in large states such as New York and Virginia.
While the Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed on many aspects of the Constitution, the necessity of including a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties was paramount for many citizens.
The ratification process was marked by a fear of a strong central government and the potential for this government to infringe upon civil liberties. To quell these concerns and ensure ratification, the Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights. This led states like Massachusetts to ratify the Constitution on the condition that a Bill of Rights be added immediately.
Eventually, this compromise resulted in the addition of the first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, which includes many essential rights and freedoms that are key components of the Constitution today.